Leonurine

Leonurine is an alkaloid that has been found in H. leonuri and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It reduces infarct size and collagen deposition and inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in a coronary artery ligation-induced rat model of myocardial infarction when administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg per day.² Leonurine (200 mg/kg per day) increases hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), reduces serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and inhibits hepatic fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).³ It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the serum of broiler chicks when administered at a dose of 120 mg/kg.⁴

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1. Zhu, Y.Z., Wu, W., Zhu, Q., et al. Discovery of Leonuri and therapeutical applications: From bench to bedside. Pharmacol. Ther. 188, 26-35 (2018).

2. Xu, L., Jiang, X., Wei, F., et al. Leonurine protects cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction through anti‑apoptosis by the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Mol. Med. Rep. 18(2), 1582-1590 (2018).

3. Zhang, L., Li, H.-X., Pan, W.-S., et al. Novel hepatoprotective role of Leonurine hydrochloride against experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mediated via AMPK/SREBP1 signaling pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother. 110, 571-581 (2019).

4. Yang, L., Liu, G., Zhu, X., et al. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of leonurine hydrochloride after lipopolysaccharide challenge in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 98(4), 1648-1657 (2019).