Streptochlorin

Streptochlorin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. SF2583 that has diverse biological activities, including antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and anti-allergic properties.^1,2,3,4 It inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and decreases proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 µM.² Streptochlorin (12 µg/ml) decreases viability of, as well as induces apoptosis and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in, Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.³ It does not induce cytotoxicity in RBL-2H3 mast cells at concentrations up to 100 µM.⁴ Streptochlorin prevents degranulation in antigen-stimulated mast cells, as well as inhibits Syk kinase and the Src family kinases LYN and Fyn and reduces the secretion of TNF-α and IL-4 induced by dinitrophenyl-human serum album (DNP-HSA) in RBL-2H3 mast cells. It also decreases swelling and reduces scratching behavior in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).

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1. Hiroomi, W., Shoichi, A., Junko, Y., et al. A new antibiotic SF2583A, 4-chloro-5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole, produced by Streptomyces. Meiji Seika Kenkyu Nenpo 27, 55-62 (1988).

2. Choi, I.-K., Shin, H.J., H.-S., L., et al. Streptochlorin, a marine natural product, inhibits NF-κB activation and suppresses angiogenesis in vitro. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17(8), 1338-13343 (2007).

3. Shin, D.Y., Shin, H.J., Kim, G.-Y., et al. Streptochlorin isolated from Streptomyces sp. Induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(11), 1862-1868 (2008).

4. Lee, S.-H., Shin, H.J., Kim, D.-Y., et al. Streptochlorin suppresses allergic dermatitis and mast cell activation via regulation of Lyn/Fyn and Syk signaling pathways in cellular and mouse models. PLoS One 8(9), e74194 (2013).