Asperuloside

Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in G. tunetanum and has diverse biological activities, including anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties.^1,2,3 It reduces microvessel formation by 67% in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay when used at a concentration of 2 μg/egg.¹ Asperuloside (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.² It reduces lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury when administered at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. Dietary administration of asperuloside decreases body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and the ratio of WAT weight to body weight in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of metabolic syndrome.³

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1. Camero, C.M., Germanò, M.P., Rapisarda, A., et al. Anti-angiogenic activity of iridoids from Galium tunetanum. Braz. J. Pharmacognosy 28(3), 374-377 (2018).

2. Qiu, J., Chi, G., Wu, Q., et al. Pretreatment with the compound asperuloside decreases acute lung injury via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling in a murine model. Int. Immunopharmacol. 31, 109-115 (2016).

3. Hirata, T., Kobayashi, T., Wada, A., et al. Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21(6), 1786-1791 (2011).