3BDO

3BDO is a butyrolactone derivative and inhibitor of autophagy.^1,2 It increases phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) substrates eIF4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) and RPS6KB1/p70S6K1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 60 μM.¹ 3BDO (60 μM) also prevents rapamycin-induced MAP1LC3B puncta formation, a marker of autophagy, in HUVECs. It inhibits apoptosis, senescence, and increases in integrin β4 levels induced by serum- and FGF2-deprivation in HUVECs when used at a concentration of 40 μg/ml.³ 3BDO (80 mg/kg per day) reduces cortical and hippocampal amyloid plaque burden, inhibits autophagy in the brain, and rescues learning and memory deficits in the AβPP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.²

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1. Ge, D., Han, L., Huang, S., et al. Identification of a novel MTOR activator and discovery of a competing endogenous RNA regulating autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Autophagy 10(6), 957-971 (2014).

2. Wei, L., Yang, H., Xie, Z., et al. A butyrolactone derivative 3BDO alleviates memory deficits and reduces amyloid-β deposition in an AβPP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. J. Alzheimers Dis. 30(3), 531-543 (2012).

3. Wang, W., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., et al. Both senescence and apoptosis induced by deprivation of growth factors were inhibited by a novel butyrolactone derivative through depressing integrin β4 in vascular endothelial cells. Endothelium 14(6), 325-332 (2007).