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Zardaverine is a dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 (IC50s = 0.617 and 1.738 μM, respectively, for the rat cardiac ventricle enzymes).1 It is selective for PDE3 and PDE4 over PDE1B, PDE2, and PDE5 (IC50s = >138 μM for all). Zardaverine inhibits aggregation of human platelets induced by ADP (Item No. 21121), platelet-activating factor (PAF), collagen, arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; Item No. 13010) and ADP (IC50s = 1.5-16.2 μM). It inhibits zymosan-induced superoxide anion release from human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (IC50 = 0.4 μM). Zardaverine (10 μmol/kg) decreases lung resistance and increases dynamic compliance in a rat model of acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm.2 It decreases the viability of HeLa, COLO 741, NCI H2122, and A2058 cells that endogenously express high levels of PDE3A (IC50s = 0.032, 0.027, 0.26, and 0.13 μM, respectively), but is inactive against a panel of eight cancer cell lines that express low levels of PDE3A (IC50s = >16 μM for all).3
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1. Zardaverine as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase isozymes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42(1), 153-162 (1991).
2. Comparative investigation of the effects of zardaverine and theophylline on pulmonary function in rats. Exp. Lung Res. 20(3), 235-250 (1994).
3. Targeting tumor cells based on phosphodiesterase 3A expression. Exp. Cell Res. 361(2), 308-315 (2017).