DL-3-n-Butylphthalide

DL-3-n-Butylphthalide is the racemic form of (–)-butylphthalide, a phthalide that has been found in A. graveolens, that has diverse biological activities, including antiplatelet, neuroprotective, and antioxidative properties.^1,2 DL-3-n-Butylphthalide inhibits ADP-, thrombin-, and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of isolated washed human platelets when used at concentrations of 30, 100, and 300 µM, respectively.² It inhibits the phosphorylation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) induced by ADP and reduces thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) production induced by thrombin or collagen in isolated washed human platelets at concentrations ranging from 30 to 300 µM. DL-3-n-Butylphthalide also inhibits caspase-3 activation, decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and JNK phosphorylation, and prevents cell death induced by serum deprivation in primary mouse cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 10 µM. It reduces infarct volume, as well as caspase-3 activation and JNK phosphorylation in the peri-infarct region, in a mouse model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with bilateral common carotid artery ligation when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg one hour following occlusion.

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1. Li, J., Li, Y., Ogle, M., et al. DL-3-n-butylphthalide prevents neuronal cell death after focal cerebral ischemia in mice via the JNK pathway. Brain Res. 1359, 216-226 (2010).

2. Ye, J., Zhai, L., Zhang, S., et al. DL-3-n-butylphthalide inhibits platelet activation via inhibition of cPLA₂-mediated TXA₂ synthesis and phosphodiesterase. Platelets 26(8), 736-744 (2015).