L-Proline

L-Proline is a nonessential amino acid.¹ It contains a pyrrolidine ring, which contains the α-amino nitrogen, and is highly rigid, properties that affect protein conformation and folding and can cause kinks and turns in protein secondary structure.^1,2 It is a substrate for the proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1) and an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; K_i = 86 µM).^3,4 L-Proline accumulates in plants under environmental stress and is important for environmental stress tolerance through its involvement in protein synthesis, redox balance maintenance, osmoprotection, and signaling.⁵

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1. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, L., et al. Hierarchical structure of proteins. Molecular cell biology (2000).

2. MacArthur, M.W., and Thornton, J.M. Influence of proline residues on protein conformation. J. Mol. Biol. 218(2), 397-412 (1991).

3. Thondorf, I., Voigt, V., Schäfer, S., et al. Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1). Bioorg. Med. Chem. 19(21), 6409-6418 (2011).

4. Végner, L., Peragovics, Á., Tombor, L., et al. Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by drug profile matching. J. Med. Chem. 56(21), 8377-8388 (2013).

5. Szabados, L., and Savouré, A. Proline: A multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Sci. 15(2), 89-97 (2010).