Pseudoprotodioscin

Pseudoprotodioscin is a steroidal saponin that has been found in D. panthaica and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3 It is cytotoxic to A375, L929, and HeLa cancer cells (IC₅₀s = 5.73, 5.09, and 3.32 µM, respectively).¹ Pseudoprotodioscin (2 µM) increases nuclear accumulation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium.² It inhibits LPS-induced increases in NF-κB activity in reporter assays using isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 2.5 µM.³ Pseudoprotodioscin (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) reduces atherosclerotic plaque area and inhibits increases in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in ovariectomized ApoE^-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet.

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1. Dong, M., Feng, X.-Z., Wu, L.-J., et al. Two new steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica and their cytotoxic activity. Planta Med. 67(9), 853-857 (2001).

2. Xiao, J., Wang, N.-L., Sun, B., et al. Estrogen receptor mediates the effects of pseudoprotodiocsin on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 299(1), C128-C138 (2010).

3. Sun, B., Yang, D., Yin, Y.-Z., et al. Estrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of pseudoprotodioscin in atherosclerosis-prone mice: Insights into endothelial cells and perivascular adipose tissues. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 869, 172887 (2020).