Ganglioside G_D2 Polyclonal Antibody

Ganglioside G_D2 (Item No. 25487) is a glycosphingolipid that contains two sialic acid residues linked to an inner galactose unit. It is produced by the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc; Item No. 31728) from UDP-GalNAc to the precursor ganglioside G_D3 (Item No. 17481) by β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (β4GalNAcT1), also known as ganglioside G_M2/G_D2 synthase, and can be galactosylated to ganglioside G_D1b (Item No. 19569) by β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 (β3GalT4), also known as ganglioside G_M1/G_A1/G_D1 synthase.^1,2 Ganglioside G_D2 is frequently expressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin, including neuroblastomas, as well as bone and soft tissue sarcomas, melanoma, and small cell lung cancer, and is absent or weakly expressed in non-cancerous tissues.^3,4 It is induced by expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers Twist and Snail in oncogenic human mammary epithelial cells.⁵ Anti-ganglioside G_D2 monoclonal antibodies reduce the viability of G_D2-positive EL-4 mouse lymphoma, IMR-32 human neuroblastoma, and mS human melanoma cells, inducing features of both apoptosis and necrosis.⁴ Ganglioside G_D2 has been found in more than 90% of neuroblastoma tissue samples, and plasma levels of soluble ganglioside G_D2 are associated with tumor progression in patients with neuroblastoma.⁶ Formulations containing chimeric anti-ganglioside G_D2 monoclonal antibodies have been used in the treatment of neuroblastoma in children. Ganglioside G_D2 Polyclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA and TLC immunoblotting applications. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1963]

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Piccolo, M.S.L., Cheung, N.K., and Cheung, I.Y. GD2 synthase: A new molecular marker for detecting neuroblastoma. Cancer 92(4), 924-931 (2001).

2. Miyazaki, H., Fukumoto, S., Okada, M., et al. Expression cloning of rat cDNA encoding UDP-galactose: GD2 beta1,3-galactosyltransferase that determines the expression of GD1b/GM1/GA1. J. Bio. Chem. 272(40), 24794-24799 (1997).

3. Barker, E.L., Mueller, B.M., Handgretinger, R., et al. Effect of a chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody on cell-mediated lysis of human neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 51(1), 144-149 (1991).

4. Doronin, I.I., Vishnyakova, P.A., Kholodenko, I.V., et al. Ganglioside GD2 in reception and transduction of cell death signal in tumor cells. BMC Cancer 14, 295 (2014).

5. Battula, V.L., Shi, Y., Evans, K.W., et al. Ganglioside GD2 identifies breast cancer stem cells and promotes tumorigenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 122(6), 2066-2078 (2012).

6. Balis, F.M., Busch, C.M., Desai, A.M., et al. The ganglioside GD2 as a circulating tumor biomarker for neuroblastoma. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 67(1), e28031 (2020).