Punicalin

Punicalin is an ellagitannin that has been found in P. granatum and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3 It inhibits the interaction between the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), also known as the surface glycoprotein RBD, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; IC₅₀ = 0.14 mg/ml).² Punicalin is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase with an IC₅₀ value of 1 µM.¹ It scavenges DPPH (Item No. 14805) radicals and superoxide anions, as well as inhibits lipid peroxidation, in cell-free assays in a concentration-dependent manner.³ Punicalin (10 mg/kg per day) also increases the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and decreases the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), in the intestine in a mouse model of oxidative stress.

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1. Satomi, H., Umemura, K., Ueno, A., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 16(8), 787-790 (1993).

2. Suručić, R., Travar, M., Petković, M., et al. Pomegranate peel extract polyphenols attenuate the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein binding ability to ACE2 Receptor: In silico and in vitro studies. Bioorg. Chem. 114, 105145 (2021).

3. Sun, Y.-Q., Xin, T., Men, X.-M., et al. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of three major polyphenolic compounds in pomegranate peel: Ellagic acid, punicalin, and punicalagin. J. Integr. Agric. 16(8), 1808-1818 (2017).