GSK3β (human, recombinant)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has roles in numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, including cell proliferation and survival, as well as neural development and plasticity.^1,2 It is composed of an N-terminal β-strand domain, a kinase domain, and a C-terminal α-helical domain.³ GSK3β is constitutively active, ubiquitously expressed, and localizes predominantly to the cytosol but is also found in the nucleus and mitochondria.^2,4 It is inhibited by phosphorylation at serine 9 (Ser⁹), which is mediated by a variety of kinases, including PKA, PKB, and Akt, and has roles in insulin, growth factor, and Wnt signaling pathways.² GSK3β is involved in several pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, and neurological or psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and bipolar disorder.^4,1 Cayman's GSK3β (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzymatic activity assays.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Yang, K., Chen, Z., Gao, J., et al. The key roles of GSK-3β in regulating mitochondrial activity. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 44(4), 1445-1459 (2017).

2. Krishnankutty, A., Kimura, T., Saito, T., et al. In vivo regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity in neurons and brains. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 8602 (2017).

3. ter Haar, E., Coll, J.T., Austen, D.A., et al. Structure of GSK3β reveals a primed phosphorylation mechanism. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8(7), 593-596 (2001).

4. Beurel, E., Grieco, S.F., and Jope, R.S. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3): Regulation, actions, and diseases. Pharmacol. Ther. 148, 114-131 (2015).