TYK2 (human, recombinant)

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the JAK family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that has a key role in cytokine signaling.^1,2 It is composed of an N-terminal FERM homology domain, which mediates protein-protein interactions, a Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain, a catalytically inactive pseudokinase domain, and a catalytically active C-terminal kinase domain.¹ TYK2 is expressed by a variety of immune cells, including T and B cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages, where it associates with numerous cytokine receptor chains, including IFNARI, IL-12Rβ1, IL-10R2, gp130, and IL-13Rα1, to mediate STAT-dependent cytokine signaling.^2,1,3 TYK2 is activated by its phosphorylation, which is induced by ligand-bound cytokine receptors via JAK1 or JAK2-mediated transactivation, and is inhibited by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins.³ TYK2 has roles in numerous immunological processes, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, pathogen defense, and allergy, as well as tumor surveillance and cancer.^1,3 TYK2 SNPs have been identified in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and TYK2 polymorphisms have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis in humans.¹ Cayman's TYK2 (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assays.

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1. Strobl, B., Stoiber, D., Sexl, V., et al. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) in cytokine signalling and host immunity. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 16(9), 3214-3232 (2011).

2. Garrido-Trigo, A., and Salas, A. Molecular structure and function of janus kinases: Implications for the development of inhibitors. J. Crohns Colitis 14(Suppl 2), S713-S724 (2020).

3. Karjalainen, A., Shoebridge, S., Krunic, M., et al. TYK2 in tumor immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 12(1), 150 (2020).