Bufotalin

Bufotalin is a bufadienolide that has been found in toad (B. asiaticus) venom and has cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities.^1,2 It induces cell cycle arrest at the G₁ phase and apoptosis in Hep3B cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 1.13 µM.¹ Bufotalin (100 µg/kg) reduces autoantibody production, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-17, and the number of splenic and lymph node Th17 cells, as well as increases saliva flow rates in a mouse model of experimental Sjörgren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disease characterized by the reduced secretion of exocrine glands.² It also induces lethality in anesthetized dogs (LD₅₀ = 0.36 mg/kg).³

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Su, C.-L., Lin, T.-Y., Lin, C.-N., et al. Involvement of caspases and apoptosis-inducing factor in bufotalin-induced apoptosis of Hep 3B cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57(1), 55-61 (2009).

2. Huang, Y., Yang, G., Fei, J., et al. Bufotalin ameliorates experimental Sjögren’s syndrome development by inhibiting Th17 generation. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 393(10), 1977-1985 (2020).

3. Hamet, R. Toxicity of bufotalin administered by oral route. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 152, 571-574 (1958).