TMEM16A Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM440)

Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), also known as anoctamin-1 (ANO1) or discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors 1 (DOG1), is a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) encoded by ANO1 that has roles in several cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, and migration, as well as cell secretion and airway and vascular smooth muscle contraction.¹ It exists as a homodimer where each monomer is composed of cytosolic N- and C-terminal domains and a transmembrane domain that has ten membrane-spanning segments, which contain the calcium-binding sites and form the ion channel pore.^2,3 It is expressed by a variety of cells, including epithelial, vascular endothelial, neuronal, smooth muscle, and myocardial cells, and localizes to the plasma membrane.^1,4 TMEM16A levels are increased by several stimuli, including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, as well as EGF, angiotensin II, and LPS, in a cell-dependent manner.¹ TMEM16A activation is induced by increased intracellular calcium levels, which occurs via calcium influx through calcium-permeable ion channels or calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum.⁵ It induces chloride ion transport, the direction of which is dependent on the membrane potential and intracellular chloride concentration, which modulates numerous cellular processes, including membrane depolarization and EGFR, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways.^1,4 Intratumoral TMEM16A protein expression is increased relative to adjacent normal tissue and associated with lymph node metastasis and reduced overall survival in patients with gastric cancer.⁶ Cayman's TMEM16A Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM440) can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC).

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1. Dulin, N.O. Calcium-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: Regulation of expression and signaling. Front. Physiol. 11, 590262 (2020).

2. Ji, Q., Guo, S., Wang, X., et al. Recent advances in TMEM16A: Structure, function, and disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 234(6), 7856-7873 (2019).

3. Nowicka-Bauer, K., and Szymczak-Cendlak, M. Structure and function of ion channels regulating sperm motility—An overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(6), 3259 (2021).

4. Bai, W., Liu, M., and Xiao, Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca²⁺-activated Cl- channels in inflammation. J. Adv. Res. 33, 53-68 (2021).

5. Wang, H., Zou, L., Ma, K., et al. Cell-specific mechanisms of TMEM16A Ca²⁺-activated chloride channel in cancer. Mol. Cancer 16(1), 152 (2017).

6. Liu, F., Cao, Q.-H., Lu, D.-J., et al. TMEM16A overexpression contributes to tumor invasion and poor prognosis of human gastric cancer through TGF-β signaling. Oncotarget. 6(13), 11585-11599 (2015).