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Explore how neutrophils shape the immune response in health and disease. This poster highlights neutrophil pathogen defense mechanisms, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETosis, as well as neutrophil roles in inflammation and NET-associated pathologies.
DOWNLOAD NOWEPI-X4 is an endogenous peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 408-423 of human serum albumin and an antagonist of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4).1 It inhibits calcium mobilization and receptor internalization induced by chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) in HEK293 cells expressing CXCR4 when used at concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 1,000 µM. EPI-X4 inhibits CXCL12-induced migration of Jurkat T cells and human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In vivo, EPI-X4 (16 µmol/kg) reduces Cxcr4-dependent inflammatory cell airway infiltration in a mouse model of acute allergic airway hypereosinophilia. Urinary levels of EPI-X4 are increased and inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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1. Discovery and characterization of an endogenous CXCR4 antagonist. Cell Rep. 11(5), 737-747 (2015).