Ganglioside G_D1a Monoclonal Antibody (Clone TBG3)

Ganglioside G_D1a (Item Nos. 31591 | 15585 | 31707) is a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid that has been found in brain, erythrocytes, bone marrow, testis, spleen, and liver, as well as in serum lipoproteins.^1,2 It is formed by the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac; Item No. 16091) to the precursor ganglioside G_M1a by CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-β-galactosamide-α-2,3-sialyltransferase 2 (ST3Gal-II).³ It functions as a toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) co-receptor in isolated human monocytes, colocalizing with TLR2 and enhancing the binding of type IIb E. coli enterotoxin (LT-IIb-B₅) to TLR2.⁴ Ganglioside G_D1a also mediates polyomavirus entry into host cells.⁵ Ganglioside G_D1a is shed into the tumor microenvironment from the surface of tumor cells, where it influences tumor-host cell interactions to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as increases VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A monoclonal antibody targeting ganglioside G_D1a and ganglioside G_T1b (Item Nos. 31712 | 15588 | 31592) inhibits axon regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush-induced peripheral nervous system injury.⁶ Ganglioside G_D1a accumulates in the CNS of patients with galactosialidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder.⁷ Cayman's Ganglioside G_D1a Monoclonal Antibody (Clone TBG3) binds to Ganglioside G_D1a (bovine brain) (Item No. 15585) with k_a, k_d, and K_D values of 26,300 M^-1s^-1, 0.0342 s^-1, and 1.36 µM, respectively, as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It can be used for dot blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence (IF), and TLC immunostaining applications.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Iwamori, M., Shimomura, J., Tsuyuhara, S., et al. Gangliosides of various rat tissues: Distribution of ganglio-N-tetraose-containing gangliosides and tissue-characteristic composition of gangliosides. J. Biochem. 95(3), 761-770 (1984).

2. Senn, H.J., Orth, M., Fitzke, E., et al. Gangliosides in normal human serum. Concentration, pattern and transport by lipoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 181(3), 657-662 (1989).

3. Cavdarli, S., Groux-Degroote, S., and Delannoy, P. Gangliosides: The double-edge sword of neuro-ectodermal derived tumors. Biomolecules 9(8), 311 (2019).

4. Liang, S., Wang, M., Tapping, R.I., et al. Ganglioside GD1a is an essential coreceptor for Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in response to the B subunit of type IIb enterotoxin. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 282(10), 7532-7542 (2007).

5. Gilbert, J., and Benjamin, T. Uptake pathway of polyomavirus via ganglioside GD1a. J. Virol. 78(22), 12259-12267 (2004).

6. Lehmann, H.C., Lopez, P.H.H., Zhang, G., et al. Passive immunization with anti-ganglioside antibodies directly inhibits axon regeneration in an animal model. J. Neurosci. 27(1), 27-34 (2007).

7. Walkley, S.U. Secondary accumulation of gangliosides in lysosomal storage disorders. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 15(4), 433-444 (2004).