An herbicide
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Paraquat (chloride)

Item No. 38521

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, dichloride
CAS Number
1910-42-5
Synonyms
  • Methyl Viologen
Molecular Formula
C12H14N2 • 2Cl
Formula Weight
257.2
Purity
≥95%
Formulation
A solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
SMILES
C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C)C=C2.[Cl-].[Cl-]
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
InChi Key
FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    100 mg

    $33

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    Product Description

    Paraquat is an herbicide.1 It induces light-dependent apoptosis and reduces chlorophyll levels in tobacco leaf discs when applied at a concentration of 10 µM. Paraquat (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 kg/ha) eliminates susceptible barley grass but not the paraquat-resistant biotype in field studies.2 It induces apoptosis, increases intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO), and increases expression of mRNA encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells when administered at a concentration of 100 µM.3 Paraquat is toxic to rats (LD50s = 115 and 21 mg/kg for p.o. and i.v. administration, respectively).4 Intracerebroventricular administration of paraquat (100 nmol/animal) induces neuronal cell death and seizures, effects that can be inhibited by the antioxidant U-74389G (Item No. 75860), in rats.5 It induces weight loss, lung hemorrhage and edema, and diarrhea in rats when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.4 Formulations containing paraquat have been used in the control of plants in agriculture, commercial, and residential settings.

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Chen, S., and Dickman, M.B. Bcl-2 family members localize to tobacco chloroplasts and inhibit programmed cell death induced by chloroplast-targeted herbicides. J. Exp. Bot. 55(408), 2617-2623 (2004).

    2. Powles, S.B. Appearance of a biotype of the weed, Hordeum glaucum Steud., resistant to the herbicide paraquat. Weed Res. 26, 167-172 (1986).

    3. Ortiz-Ortiz, M.A., Morán, J.M., González-Polo, R.A., et al. Nitric oxide-mediated toxicity in paraquat-exposed SH-SY5Y cells: A protective role of 7-nitroindazole. Neurotox. Res. 16(2), 160-173 (2009).

    4. Sharp, C.W., Ottolenghi, A., and Posner, H.S. Correlation of paraquat toxicity with tissue concentrations and weight loss of the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 22(2), 241-251 (1972).

    5. Bagetta, G., Iannone, M., Vecchio, I., et al. Neurodegeneration produced by intrahippocampal injection of paraquat is reduced by systemic administration of the 21-aminosteroid U74389F in rats. Free Radic. Res. 21(2), 85-93 (1994).