A derivative of Gly-Pro-Glu
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Trofinetide (acetate)

Item No. 38579

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
glycyl-2-methyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid, acetate
Synonyms
  • NNZ-2566
Molecular Formula
C13H21N3O6 • XC2H4O2
Formula Weight
315.3
Purity
≥95%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 5 mg/mlDMSO: 10 mg/mlEthanol: 1 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
SMILES
O=C([C@@](N1C(CN)=O)(CCC1)C)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O.CC(O)=O
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H21N3O6.C2H4O2/c1-13(5-2-6-16(13)9(17)7-14)12(22)15-8(11(20)21)3-4-10(18)19;1-2(3)4/h8H,2-7,14H2,1H3,(H,15,22)(H,18,19)(H,20,21);1H3,(H,3,4)/t8-,13-;/m0./s1
InChi Key
WMGAIYMYGMFYKS-GAYVKDPFSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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Certificates of Analysis & Batch Specific Data

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    1 mg

    $29

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    5 mg

    $94

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    10 mg

    $143

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    25 mg

    $323

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    Product Description

    Trofinetide is a derivative of the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu, an N-terminal sequence found in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).1 It decreases cell death induced by the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (Item No. 10011490) in primary rat embryonic striatal neurons when used at a concentration of 10 nM. Trofinetide reduces brain expression of mRNA encoding IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and E-selectin in a rat model of neuroinflammation induced by a penetrating ballistic-like brain injury.2 It reduces cortical and striatal infarct area in a rat model of brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) when administered at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg.1 Trofinetide (100 mg/kg per day) reduces the number of dendritic spines and reverses deficits in social recognition and contextual fear conditioning, as well as decreases testicular weight gain, in an fmr1-/- knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome.3 Formulations containing trofinetide have been used in the treatment of Rett syndrome.

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Bickerdike, M.J., Thomas, G.B., Batchelor, D.C., et al. NNZ-2566: A Gly-Pro-Glu analogue with neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of acute focal stroke. J. Neurol. Sci. 278(1-2), 85-90 (2009).

    2. Wei, H.H., Lu, X.-C.M., Shear, D.A., et al. NNZ-2566 treatment inhibits neuroinflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by experimental penetrating ballistic-like brain injury in rats. J. Neuroinflammation 6, 19 (2009).

    3. Deacon, R.M.J., Glass, L., Snape, M., et al. NNZ-2566, a novel analog of (1-3) IGF-1, as a potential therapeutic agent for fragile X syndrome. Neuromolecular Med. 17(1), 71-82 (2015).