Spiromesifen-d₉

Spiromesifen-d₉ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of spiromesifen (Item No. 25822) by GC- or LC-MS. Spiromesifen is an insecticide and acaricide that reduces lipid biosynthesis via inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.^1,2 It inhibits chitinase from Egyptian cotton leafworm (S. littoralis) larvae (IC₅₀s = 0.60 and 0.72 μM for enzyme isolated from lab and field strains, respectively).³ It induces toxicity in whitefly (T. vaporariorum) nymphs (LC₅₀ = 0.61 mg/L), spider mite (T. cinnabarinus) eggs (LC₅₀ = 0.16 mg/kg), and second instar larvae of S. littoralis lab and field strains (LC₅₀s = 0.44 and 0.68 ppm, respectively, at 72 hours post-application).^1,2,3 Spiromesifen (600 mg/kg) also induces 50, 60, and 70% mortality in the Lepidoptera pests H. armigera, O. nubialis, and P. xylostella, respectively, and induces 100% mortality in M. separata when used at a dose of 100 mg/kg.² It induces toxicity in D. magna (EC₅₀ = >0.092 mg a.s./L) and the fish species O. mykiss and L. macrochirus (LC₅₀s = 0.016 and >0.034 mg a.s./L, respectively) but not rats (LD₅₀ = >2,000 mg/kg).⁴ Spiromesifen also inhibits the human GST isozyme GSTA1-1 (IC₅₀ = 12.1 μM).⁵ Formulations containing spiromesifen have been used as insecticides and miticides in agriculture, as well as commercial, industrial, and residential areas.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Karatolos, N., Williamson, M.S., Denholm, I., et al. Resistance to spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum is associated with a single amino acid replacement in its target enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Insect Mol. Biol. 21(3), 327-334 (2012).

2. Liu, Z., Lei, Q., Li, Y., et al. Design, synthesis, structure, and acaricidal/insecticidal activity of novel spirocyclic tetronic acid derivatives containing an oxalyl moiety. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(23), 12543-12549 (2011).

3. Ismail, S.M., and Morshedy, M. Evaluation of some environmentally safe cemicals against Spodoptera littoralis. Alexandria Sci. Exch. J. 30(1), 121-127 (2009).

4. Authority, E.F.S. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance spiromesifen. EFSA J. 10(10), 2879 (2012).

5. Chronopoulou, E.G., Papageorgiou, A.C., Markoglou, A., et al. Inhibition of human glutathione transferases by pesticides: Development of a simple analytical assay for the quantification of pesticides in water. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzymatic 81, 43-51 (2012).