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LY294002 is a multi-kinase inhibitor.1 It inhibits casein kinase 2 (CK2; IC50 = 0.098 µM), the PI3K subunits p110α, p110β, p110δ, and p110γ (IC50s = 0.497, 0.554, 0.331, and 3.8 µM, respectively), and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK; IC50 = 6 µM), among other kinases, as well as CK1, GSK3α, and GSK3β by greater than 40% at 10 µM.1,2,3 LY294002 (20 µM) inhibits LPS-induced activation of NF-κB in a reporter assay using RAW 264.7 macrophages in a PI3K-independent manner.4 It induces apoptosis and autophagy in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells when used at a concentration of 50 µM. LY294002 (2 ng/ml/kg) reduces tumor volume in DLD-1 and LoVo mouse xenograft models.5 It also reduces aging-induced increases in the number of aging human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) when used at a concentration of 20 µM in the 5th to 15th generations.6
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1. Exploring the specificity of the PI3K family inhibitor LY294002. Biochem. J. 404(1), 15-21 (2007).
2. Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of the DNA-
3. The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: A further update. Biochem. J. 408(3), 297-315 (2007).
4. The phosphatidylinositol 3-
5. The in vitro and in vivo effects of 2-
6. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway regulates the replicative senescence of human VSMCs. Mol. Cell Biochem. 422(1-2), 1-10 (2016).