Interleukin-13 (human, recombinant)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine that is involved in type 2 immunity.^1,2,3 It is a secreted protein that is mainly expressed by activated T cells, but is also produced by mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and nuocytes.^4,3 Two amino acid sequences of IL-13 have been reported; one is 132 amino acids in length and the other with 14 additional amino acids at the N-terminus resulting in a 146 amino acid protein.^4,5,6 IL-13 binds to a heterodimer of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) and IL-13Rα1 to initiate intracellular signaling through the JAK/STAT or PI3K pathways.^3,7 It also binds to the decoy receptor, IL-13Rα2, to initiate TGF-β signaling.^1,5,3 IL-13 has roles in host defense against helminth parasites, airway hyperresponsiveness, antitumor immunity, tissue remodeling, and mucus production.^1,3 It induces the proliferation of activated B lymphocytes and the production of IgG and IgM by B cells co-cultured with T cells.⁴ Knockout of Il13 increases survival and decreases hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model of S. mansoni infection.⁸ SNPs in IL13 are associated with asthma.³ Protein levels of IL-13 are increased in primary and metastatic tumors compared with normal ovarian tissue in patients with ovarian cancer.⁹ Cayman’s Interleukin-13 (human, recombinant) protein is based on the 132 amino acid sequence and can be used for cell-based assay applications.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Wynn, T.A. IL-13 effector functions. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 425-456 (2003).

2. Bao, K., and Reinhardt, R.L. The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 immunity. Cytokine 75(1), 25-37 (2015).

3. Rael, E.L., and Lockey, R.F. Interleukin-13 signaling and its role in asthma. World Allergy Organ. J. 4(3), 54-64 (2011).

4. McKenzie, A.N., Culpepper, J.A., de Waal Malefyt, R., et al. Interleukin 13, a T-cell-derived cytokine that regulates human monocyte and B-cell function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90(8), 3735-3739 (1993).

5. Lupardus, P.J., Birnbaum, M.E., and Garcia, K.C. Molecular basis for shared cytokine recognition revealed in the structure of an unusually high affinity complex between IL-13 and IL-13Rα2. Structure 18(3), 332-342 (2010).

6. Ramireddy, S., Raghuraman, P., Khandelwal, P., et al. A molecular simulation analysis of vitamin D targets interleukin 13 (IL13) as an alternative to mometasone in asthma. 3 Biotech 8(8), 373 (2018).

7. Ceponis, P.J.M., Botelho, F., Richards, C.D., et al. Interleukins 4 and 13 increase intestinal epithelial permeability by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 275(37), 29132-29137 (2000).

8. Fallon, P.G., Richardson, E.J., McKenzie, G.J., et al. Schistosome infection of transgenic mice defines distinct and contrasting pathogenic roles for IL-4 and IL-13: IL-13 is a profibrotic agent. J. Immunol. 164(5), 2585-2591 (2000).

9. Ripley, D., Shoup, B., Majewski, A., et al. Differential expression of interleukins IL-13 and IL-15 in normal ovarian tissue and ovarian carcinomas. Gynecol. Oncol. 92(3), 767-768 (2004).