5-Acetamide-Butenolide

5-Acetamide-butenolide is a mycotoxin that has been found in Fusarium and has pro-oxidant activity.^1,2,3 It disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes when used at a concentration of 50 µg/ml.² 5-Acetamide-butenolide also induces the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in isolated rat myocardial mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that can be reduced by glutathione (GSH). It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the levels of GSH in, as well as reduces the viability of, HepG2 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/ml.³ 5-Acetamide-butenolide is toxic to mice (LD₅₀ = 43.6 mg/kg, i.p.).¹

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Yates, A.S., Tookey, H.L., Ellis, J.J., et al. Mycotoxins produced by fusarium nivale isolated from tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). Phytochemistry 7(1), 139-146 (1968).

2. Wang, Y.-M., Liu, J.-B., and Peng, S.-Q. Effects of Fusarium mycotoxin butenolide on myocardial mitochondria in vitro. Toxicol. Mech. Methods 19(2), 79-85 (2009).

3. Wang, Y.-M., Peng, S.-Q., Zhou, Q., et al. Depletion of intracellular glutathione mediates butenolide-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Toxicol. Lett. 164(3), 231-239 (2006).