Histone H2AXK5Ac Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM445)

Histone H2AX is a variant of histone H2A, a nuclear protein and a component of the nucleosome core.^1,2 It is a globular protein containing unstructured N- and C-terminal tails that extend outside of the nucleosome core that are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, which function as epigenetic regulators of transcription.^3,4 H2AX has a key role in the DNA damage response.^1,3,4,5 Ionizing radiation induces acetylation of lysine 5 on H2AX (H2AXK5Ac) by TIP60, which is recognized by a bromodomain-like module in DNA protein kinase (DNA-PK).^6,7 DNA-PK and other PI3K-like kinases ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein/kinase (ATR) phosphorylate serine 139 on H2AX (γH2AX) in response to DNA damage, leading to changes in chromatin structure at the damaged site that promote DNA repair.^1,3,4,5 H2AX has additional roles in chromatin inactivation during meiosis and mitosis, as well as neural stem cell development and cellular senescence.⁵ Decreased tumor H2AX levels are associated with increased progression-free survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.⁸ Cayman’s Histone H2AXK5Ac Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM445) can be used for multiplex-based assay and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes H2AXK5Ac at 15 kDa from human and other vertebrate samples.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

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2. Hyun, K., Jeon, J., Park, K., et al. Writing, erasing and reading histone lysine methylations. Exp. Mol. Med. 49(4), e324 (2017).

3. Dickey, J.S., Redon, C.E., Nakamura, A.J., et al. H2AX: Functional roles and potential applications. Chromosoma 118(6), 683-692 (2009).

4. Corujo, D., and Buschbeck, M. Post-translational modifications of H2A histone variants and their role in cancer. Cancers (Basel) 10(3), 59 (2018).

5. Turinetto, V., and Giachino, C. Multiple facets of histone variant H2AX: A DNA double-strand-break marker with several biological functions. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(5), 2489-2498 (2015).

6. Ikura, T., Tashiro, S., Kakino, A., et al. DNA damage-dependent acetylation and ubiquitination of H2AX enhances chromatin dynamics. Mol. Cell Biol. 27(20), 7028-7040 (2007).

7. Wang, L., Xie, L., Ramachandran, S., et al. Non-canonical bromodomain within DNA-PKcs promotes DNA damage response and radioresistance through recognizing an IR-induced acetyl-lysine on H2AX. Chem. Biol. 22(7), 849-861 (2015).

8. Gruosso, T., Mieulet, V., Cardon, M., et al. Chronic oxidative stress promotes H2AX protein degradation and enhances chemosensitivity in breast cancer patients. EMBO Mol. Med. 8(5), 527-549 (2016).