Cylindrospermopsin

Cylindrospermopsin is a cyanotoxin that has been found in C. raciborskii.^1,2,3 It inhibits the activity of the UMP synthase complex in mouse liver homogenates with a K_i value of 10 µM.² Cylindrospermopsin inhibits protein synthesis and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in primary rat hepatocytes (IC₅₀s = 1.28 and 2.38 µM, respectively) and induces DNA double-strand breaks in, and inhibits the proliferation of, HepG2 cells when used at a concentration of 0.5 µg/ml.^1,3 In vivo, cylindrospermopsin increases liver and testes weight, decreases red blood cell and plasma cholesterol levels, and decreases liver cholesterol levels when administered via the drinking water at a concentration of 0.6 mg/L.² It has been found in wastewater influent and freshwater fish.^4,5

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Runnegar, M.T., Xie, C., Snider, B.B., et al. In vitro hepatotoxicity of the cyanobacterial alkaloid cylindrospermopsin and related synthetic analogues. Toxicol. Sci. 67(1), 81-87 (2002).

2. Reisner, M., Carmeli, S., Werman, M., et al. The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin inhibits pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and alters cholesterol distribution in mice. Toxicol. Sci. 82(2), 620-627 (2004).

3. Straser, A., Filipic, M., Novak, M., et al. Double strand breaks and cell-cycle arrest induced by the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in HepG2 cells. Mar. Drugs 11(8), 3077-3090 (2013).

4. Hoeger, S.J., Shaw, G., Hitzfeld, B.C., et al. Occurrence and elimination of cyanobacterial toxins in two Asutralian drinking water treatment plants. Toxicon 43, 639-649 (2004).

5. Skafi, M., Vo Duy, S., Munoz, G., et al. Occurrence of microcystins, anabaenopeptins and other cyanotoxins in fish from a freshwater wildlife reserve impacted by harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Toxicon 194, 44-52 (2021).