A chlorinated acetic acid
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Dichloroacetic Acid

Item No. 44824

Product Insert (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
2,2-dichloro-acetic acid
CAS Number
79-43-6
Synonyms
  • BCA
  • Bichloroacetic Acid
  • DCA
  • DCAA
Molecular Formula
C2H2Cl2O2
Formula Weight
128.9
Purity
≥95%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A neat oil
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMSO: Soluble: ≥10 mg/mlEthanol: Sparingly soluble: 1-10 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): Sparingly soluble: 1-10 mg/ml
SMILES
ClC(C(O)=O)Cl
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C2H2Cl2O2/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h1H,(H,5,6)
InChi Key
JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    25 g

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    Product Description

    Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a chlorinated acetic acid, a non-volatile disinfection byproduct, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) inhibitor, and an anticancer agent.1,2,3,4 It is also a metabolite of trichloroethylene.5 DCA inhibits PDHK when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 µM and selectively induces the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma cells resistant to melphalan (Item No. 16665). 3,4 DCA (3.5 or 5 g/L for 60 weeks in the drinking water) decreases body weight and induces liver tumors in mice.6 It decreases serum testosterone levels and testis androgen receptor levels in male mice and induces miscarriages in pregnant mice when administered at doses of 26.4 and 264 mg/kg per day, respectively.1 DCA decreases grip strength and induces gait deficits in weanling and adult rats.7 It has been found as a contaminant in drinking water.2 Formulations containing DCA have been used as dermatological chemical cauterants.

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Chen, W., Wang, X., Wan, S., et al. Dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid as disinfection by-products in drinking water are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. J. Hazard Mater. 466, 433035 (2024).

    2. Wang, Y.H., and Wong, P.K. Determination of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in drinking water by acidic methanol esterification and headspace gas chromatography. Water Res. 39(9), 1844-1848 (2005).

    3. Michelakis, E.D., Webster, L., and Mackey, J.R. Dichloroacetate (DCA) as a potential metabolic-targeting therapy for cancer. Br. J. Cancer 99(7), 989-994 (2008).

    4. Zub, K.A., de Sousa, M.M.L., Sarno, A., et al. Modulation of cell metabolic pathways and oxidative stress signaling contribute to acquired melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One 10(3), e0119857 (2015).

    5. Cummings, B.S., and Lash, L.H. Metabolism and toxicity of trichloroethylene and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in freshly isolated human proximal tubular cells. Toxicol. Sci. 53(2), 458-466 (2000).

    6. DeAngelo, A.B., Daniel, F.B., Stober, J.A., et al. The carcinogenicity of dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 16(2), 337-347 (1991).

    7. Moser, V.C., Phillips, P.M., McDaniel, K.L., et al. Behavioral evaluation of the neurotoxicity produced by dichloroacetic acid in rats. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 21(6), 719-731 (1999).