Autophagy Modulation Reagent Kit

The components of this kit enable induction and/or inhibition of autophagy in cultured cells.^1,2,3,4 Each component in this kit is provided separately, and instructions are included to reconstitute these reagents for direct dilution into cell culture media. Some reagents may be provided in excess and may be properly disposed of after cell media preparation.

Torin 1 is a selective inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, key negative regulators of autophagy.^1,2 Inhibition of mTORC1 by torin 1 relieves suppression of the Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) complex activity and promotes initiation of autophagy.⁵

SAR405 is an inhibitor of the PI3K class III isoform vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), an essential kinase in autophagosome nucleation.^1,3 By inhibiting VPS34 activity, SAR405 suppresses autophagosome formation and blocks autophagy at an early stage.

Bafilomycin A₁ is an inhibitor of vacuolar H⁺-ATPases (V-ATPases), preventing the acidification of lysosomes.^1,4 This in turn blocks the fusion of autophagosome with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A₁ is used to distinguish defects in autophagosome formation versus autophagic flux.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Klionsky, D.J., Abdalla, F.C., Abeliovich, H., et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 8(4), 445-544 (2012).

2. Kim, Y.C., and Guan, K.-L. mTOR: A pharmacological target for autophagy regulation. J. Clin. Invest. 125(1), 25-32 (2015).

3. Ronan, B., Flamand, O., Vescovi, L., et al. A highly potent and selective Vps34 inhibitor alters vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Nat. Chem. Biol. 10(2), 1013-1019 (2014).

4. Yamamoto, A., Tagawa, Y., Yoshimori, T., et al. Bafilomycin A₁ prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. Cell Struct. Funct. 23(1), 33-42 (1998).

5. Thoreen, C.C., Kang, S.A., Chang, J.W., et al. An ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor reveals rapamycin-resistant functions of mTORC1. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 284(12), 8023-8032 (2009).