PD-1/CD279 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody (Pembrolizumab)

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), also known as CD279, is a cell surface receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that is involved in regulation and attenuation of the adaptive immune response.^1,2 It is a 288-amino acid type I transmembrane protein encoded by the PDCD1 gene in humans and is composed of a 167-amino acid ectodomain consisting of an N-loop, IgV-like domain, and a stalk region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail with two tyrosine-based signaling motifs.^3,4,2,1 PD-1 is expressed in activated immune cells, including CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells.^5,2 Binding of PD-1 to either of its ligands, PD-L1 (Item No. 28378) or PD-L2 (Item No. 28379), suppresses T cell proliferation and cytokine production.¹ PD-1 deficiency induces cardiomyopathy or lupus-like glomerulonephritis in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice, respectively.^3,2 Increased levels of intratumoral PD-1⁺ immune cells are associated with increased tumor size, higher nuclear grade, and poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma.⁶ Formulations containing PD-1 blocking antibodies have been used in the treatment of various cancers. Cayman’s PD-1/CD279 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody (Pembrolizumab) recognizes PD-1 from human samples.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Riley, J.L. PD-1 signaling in primary T cells. Immunol. Rev. 229(1), 114-125 (2009).

2. del Rio, M.L., Buhler, L., Gibbons, C.E., et al. PD-1/PD-L1, PD-1/PD-L2, and other co-inhibitory signaling pathways in transplantation. Transpl. Int. 21(11), 1015-1028 (2008).

3. James, E.S., Harney, S., Wordsworth, B.P., et al. PDCD1: A tissue-specific susceptibility locus for inherited inflammatory disorders. Genes Immun. 6(5), 430-437 (2005).

4. Tan, S., Zhang, H., Chai, Y., et al. An unexpected N-terminal loop in PD-1 dominates binding by nivolumab. Nat. Commun. 8:14369, (2017).

5. Ji, M., Liu, Y., Li, Q., et al. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer and its relation with EGFR mutation. J. Transl. Med. 13, 5 (2015).

6. Thompson, R.H., Dong, H., Lohse, C.M., et al. PD-1 is expressed by tumor-infiltrating immune cells and is associated with poor outcome for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 13(6), 1757-1761 (2007).