A toxin that selectively eliminates pancreatic β-cells
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Alloxan (hydrate)

Item No. 9002196

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-pyrimidinetetrone, monohydrate
CAS Number
2244-11-3
Molecular Formula
C4H2N2O4 • H2O
Formula Weight
160.1
Purity
≥98%
Formulation
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 5 mg/mlDMSO: 5 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml
SMILES
O=C(C(C(N1)=O)=O)NC1=O.O
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C4H2N2O4.H2O/c7-1-2(8)5-4(10)6-3(1)9;/h(H2,5,6,8,9,10);1H2
InChi Key
DSXMTJRUNLATRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    5 g

    $36

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    10 g

    $49

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    Cayman Chemical
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    Product Description

    Alloxan is a toxin that selectively eliminates pancreatic β-cells in mice, rats, and certain other animals, and is used to model type 1 diabetes in humans.1 Reduction of alloxan within β-cells precedes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn contribute to β-cell death.2 The dose of alloxan needed to destroy beta cells, and thus induce diabetes, depends on the animal species, route of administration, and nutritional status.2,3,4

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Dunn, J.S., Duffy, E., Gilmour, M.K., et al. Further observations on the effects of alloxan on the pancreatic islets. J. Physiol. 103(2), 233-243 (1944).

    2. Szkudelski, T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol. Res. 50(6), 537-546 (2001).

    3. Eizirik, D.L., Pipeleers, D.G., Ling, Z., et al. Major species differences between humans and rodents in the susceptibility to pancreatic β-cell injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91(20), 9253-9256 (1994).

    4. Tyberg, B., Andersson, A., and Borg, L.A. Species differences in susceptibility of transplanted and cultured pancreatic islets to the β-cell toxin alloxan. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 122, 238-251 (2001).