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Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor antagonist (IC50 = 45 nM for the rabbit receptor).1 It reduces the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells when used at a concentration of 10 µM.2 Tamoxifen is active against S. cerevisiae, C. neoformans, and five Candida species (MICs = 12, 64, and 8-64 µg/ml, respectively).3 It decreases tumor proliferation, weight, and volume in an MCF-7 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 100 µg/animal per day.4 Tamoxifen (0.8 mg/kg every two weeks) also reduces proteinuria and increases survival in an NZBWF1 mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).5 It can be used as a regulator for Cre-recombinase inducible gene expression in vivo.6 Formulations containing tamoxifen have been used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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1. In vivo and in vitro antiestrogenic action of 3-
2. The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on hormone-
3. Antifungal activity of tamoxifen: In vitro and in vivo activities and mechanistic characterization. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53(8), 3337-3346 (2009).
4. Therapeutic strategies using the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and tamoxifen in a breast cancer model. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 96(6), 456-465 (2004).
5. Tamoxifen decreases renal inflammation and alleviates disease severity in autoimmune NZB/W F1 mice. Scand. J. Immunol. 52(4), 393-400 (2000).
6. Generation of a transgenic mouse model with chondrocyte-
Nicotine enhances the stemness and tumorigenicity in intestinal stem cells via Hippo-
Scinderin promotes fusion of electron transport chain dysfunctional muscle stem cells with myofibers. Nat. Aging 2(2), s43587-43021-00164-x. (2024).
GM-
The citrus flavonoid nobiletin confers protection frommetabolic dysregulation in high-