A natural oxidant
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Pyrogallol

Item No. 20347

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
1,2,3-benzenetriol
CAS Number
87-66-1
Synonyms
  • Antioxidant PY
  • Benzene-1,2,3-triol
  • C.I. 76515
  • Fouramine Brown AP
  • NSC 5035
  • 2,3-dihydroxy Phenol
  • 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene
Molecular Formula
C6H6O3
Formula Weight
126.1
Purity
≥98%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A crystalline solid
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
DMF: 30 mg/mlDMSO: 20 mg/mlEthanol: 30 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/ml
λmax
267 nm
SMILES
OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C6H6O3/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(4)9/h1-3,7-9H
InChi Key
WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    50 g

    $36

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    100 g

    $55

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    250 g

    $128

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    500 g

    $169

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    Product Description

    Pyrogallol is a natural oxidant that can generate superoxide (O2-) in alkaline solutions through autoxidation to a semiquinone radical.1 Importantly, the semiquinone radical can react with O2- in an acidic environment to produce a quinone and H2O2.1 Pyrogallol autoxidation is used in superoxide dismutase activity assays.1 It can also be used in assays to assess antioxidant capacity.2,3 Pyrogallol is used in some biological systems as an O2- scavenger.4 In other biological systems, it is used as an O2- generator.5,6 Pyrogallol effectively scavenges DPPH radical (Item No. 14805) and ABTS+ in vitro.7 Pyrogallol is a product of tannin degradation to gallic acid (Item No. 11846) by ruminant microbes and has hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in vivo.8

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Magnani, L., Gaydou, E.M., and Hubaud, J.C. Spectrophotometric measurement of antioxidant properties of flavones and flavonols against superoxide anion. Anal. Chim. Acta 411, 209-216 (2000).

    2. Li, X. Improved pyrogallol autoxidation method: A reliable and cheap superoxide-scavenging assay suitable for all antioxidants. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 60(25), 6418-6424 (2012).

    3. Chang, C.S., Chang, C.L., and Lai, G.H. Reactive oxygen species scavenging activities in a chemiluminescence model and neuroprotection in rat pheochromocytoma cells by astaxanthin,βcarotene, and canthaxanthin. Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci. 29(8), 412-421 (2013).

    4. Wang.T., Lin, H., Tu, Q., et al. Fisetin protects DNA against oxidative damage and its possible mechanism. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 6(2), 267-270 (2016).

    5. Sindler, A.L., Reyes, R., Chen, B., et al. Age and exercise training alter signaling through reactive oxygen species in the endothelium of skeletal muscle arterioles. J. Appl. Physiol. 114(5), 681-693 (2013).

    6. Moreno-Manzano, V., Ishikawa, Y., Lucio-Cazana, J., et al. Selective involvement of superoxide anion, but not downstream compounds hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of rat mesangial cells. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 275(17), 12684-12691 (2000).

    7. Mathew, S., Abraham, T.E., and Zakaria, Z.A. Reactivity of phenolic compounds towards free radicals under in vitro conditions. J. Food. Sci. Technol. 52(9), 5790-5798 (2015).

    8. Reed, J.D. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes. J. Anim. Sci. 73(5), 1516-1528 (1995).