Amarogentin

Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that has been found in Swertia and has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-leishmanial properties.^1,2,3 It inhibits the growth of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 12.4 µM after 48 hours) and increases apoptosis when used at a concentration of 50 µM.² Amarogentin (10-50 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently reduces tumor growth in a SNU-16 nude mouse xenograft model. It reduces plasma glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) in a dose-dependent manner and reverses the STZ-induced increase in soleus muscle levels of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) when administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.³ Amarogentin reduces parasite burden in the spleen of hamsters infected with L. donovani in a dose-dependent manner.¹

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1. Medda, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Basu, M.K. Evaluation of the in-vivo activity and toxicity of amarogentin, an antileishmanial agent, in both liposomal and niosomal forms. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 44(6), 791-794 (1999).

2. Zhao, J.G., Zhang, L., Xiang, X.-j., et al. Amarogentin secoiridoid inhibits in vivo cancer cell growth in xenograft mice model and induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells (SNU-16) through G₂/M cell cycle arrest and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. J. BUON. 21(3), 609-617 (2016).

3. Niu, H.S., Chao, P.-C., Ku, P.-M., et al. Amarogentin ameliorates diabetic disorders in animal models. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 389(11), 1215-1223 (2016).