An incretin hormone
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Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

Item No. 25004

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Formal Name
L-tyrosyl-L-alanyl-L-α-glutamylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-isoleucyl-L-alanyl-L-methionyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-lysyl-L-isoleucyl-L-histidyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-asparaginyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-histidyl-L-asparaginyl-L-isoleucyl-L-threonyl-L-glutamine, trifluoroacetate salt
Synonyms
  • Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
  • GIP
Molecular Formula
C226H338N60O66S • XCF3COOH
Formula Weight
4983.5
Purity
≥95%
Formulation (Request formulation change)
A lyophilized powder
Solubility(Learn about Variance in Solubility)
Water: 1 mg/ml
SMILES
[H]N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(NCC(N[C@]([C@@H](C)O)([H])C(N[C@H](C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(NCC(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@]([C@H](CC)C)([H])C(N[C@]([C@@H](C)O)([H])C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1)=O)=O)CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)C)=O)=O)=O)CC4=CNC5=C4C=CC=C5)=O)=O)=O)CC6=CC=CC=C6)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC7=CN=CN7)=O)=O)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)CCSC)=O)C)=O)=O)=O)CC8=CC=C(O)C=C8)=O)CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC9=CC=CC=C9)=O)=O)=O)=O)C)=O)CC%10=CC=C(O)C=C%10.FC(F)(C(O)=O)F
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C226H338N60O66S.C2HF3O2/c1-21-113(11)181(285-218(343)165(107-288)278-203(328)150(88-125-60-64-131(292)65-61-125)264-212(337)163(99-179(310)311)274-217(342)164(106-287)279-222(347)183(115(13)23-3)283-215(340)152(87-123-47-29-26-30-48-123)275-224(349)185(120(18)289)280-174(301)105-245-192(317)142(70-75-175(302)303)252-187(312)117(15)248-190(315)134(232)85-124-58-62-130(291)63-59-124)220(345)250-119(17)189(314)254-146(76-82-353-20)199(324)272-160(96-176(304)305)210(335)258-141(57-39-44-81-231)200(325)282-182(114(12)22-2)221(346)276-156(92-129-103-241-109-247-129)206(331)260-144(67-72-167(234)294)197(322)259-145(68-73-168(235)295)198(323)271-161(97-177(306)307)211(336)265-151(86-122-45-27-25-28-46-122)214(339)281-180(112(9)10)219(344)277-158(94-171(238)298)209(334)266-154(90-127-101-243-136-52-34-32-50-133(127)136)205(330)263-149(84-111(7)8)202(327)262-148(83-110(5)6)201(326)249-118(16)188(313)253-143(66-71-166(233)293)196(321)255-137(53-35-40-77-227)191(316)244-104-173(300)251-138(54-36-41-78-228)193(318)256-139(55-37-42-79-229)195(320)269-157(93-170(237)297)208(333)273-162(98-178(308)309)213(338)267-153(89-126-100-242-135-51-33-31-49-132(126)135)204(329)257-140(56-38-43-80-230)194(319)268-155(91-128-102-240-108-246-128)207(332)270-159(95-172(239)299)216(341)284-184(116(14)24-4)223(348)286-186(121(19)290)225(350)261-147(226(351)352)69-74-169(236)296;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h25-34,45-52,58-65,100-103,108-121,134,137-165,180-186,242-243,287-292H,21-24,35-44,53-57,66-99,104-107,227-232H2,1-20H3,(H2,233,293)(H2,234,294)(H2,235,295)(H2,236,296)(H2,237,297)(H2,238,298)(H2,239,299)(H,240,246)(H,241,247)(H,244,316)(H,245,317)(H,248,315)(H,249,326)(H,250,345)(H,251,300)(H,252,312)(H,253,313)(H,254,314)(H,255,321)(H,256,318)(H,257,329)(H,258,335)(H,259,322)(H,260,331)(H,261,350)(H,262,327)(H,263,330)(H,264,337)(H,265,336)(H,266,334)(H,267,338)(H,268,319)(H,269,320)(H,270,332)(H,271,323)(H,272,324)(H,273,333)(H,274,342)(H,275,349)(H,276,346)(H,277,344)(H,278,328)(H,279,347)(H,280,
InChi Key
NTKZTSQQYFSIEB-KUBFDJHQSA-N
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    Product Description

    Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) (human) is an endogenous 42-amino acid peptide incretin hormone that induces insulin secretion in response to glucose.1 It belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin (Item Nos. 24990 | 24561), glucagon (Item No. 24204), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; Item No. 24460), GLP-2 (Item No. 24414), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Item Nos. 24769 | 24770).2 GIP is a GIP receptor agonist that binds to rat recombinant GIP receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and increases cAMP accumulation (EC50 = 377 pM).3 It stimulates insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 rat pancreatic β-cells when used at a concentration of 10 nM.4 GIP (1 pmol/min per 100 g) decreases blood glucose level and increases plasma insulin level in rats following glucose challenge.3 It also decreases plasma glucose level and increases insulin level in ob/ob mice following glucose challenge when administered at a dose of 25 nmol/kg.5

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Baggio, L.L., and Drucker, D.J. Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology 132(6), 2131-2157 (2007).

    2. Vaudry, D., Falluel-Morel, A., Bourgault, S., et al. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: 20 years after the discovery. Pharmacol. Rev. 61(3), 283-357 (2009).

    3. Hinke, S.A., Manhart, S., Pamir, N., et al. Identification of a bioactive domain in the amino-terminus of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1547(1), 143-155 (2001).

    4. Kerr, B.D., Flatt, A.J., Flatt, P.R., et al. Characterization and biological actions of N-terminal truncated forms of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 404(3), 870-876 (2011).

    5. O'Harte, F.P., Hunter, K., Gault, V.A., et al. Antagonistic effects of two novel GIP analogs, (Hyp3)GIP and (Hyp3)GIPLys16PAL, on the biological actions of GIP and longer-term effects in diabetic ob/ob mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292(6), E1674-E1682 (2007).