Amygdalin

Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside that has been found in seeds from plants of the Rosaceae family and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4,5 It induces cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase, decreases cyclin A and Cdk2 levels, and inhibits cell growth in UMUC-3, RT112, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 10 mg/ml.² Amygdalin (3 mg/kg) reduces the number of primary microtubules and microvessels in aortic rings isolated from rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).³ In vivo, amygdalin reduces triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels and aortic sinus plaque area in an LDLR^-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis.⁴ It also reduces production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.⁵

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1. Wahab, M.F., Breitbach, Z.S., Armstrong, D.W., et al. Problems and pitfalls in the analysis of amygdalin and its epimer. J. Agric. Food Chem. 63(40), 8966-8973 (2015).

2. Makarević, J., Rutz, J., Juengel, E., et al. Amygdalin blocks bladder cancer cell growth in vitro by diminishing cyclin A and cdk2. PLoS One 9(8), e105590 (2014).

3. Mirmiranpour, H., Khaghani, S., Zandieh, A., et al. Amygdalin inhibits angiogenesis in the cultured endothelial cells of diabetic rats. Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol. 55(2), 211-214 (2012).

4. Lv, J., Xiong, W., Lei, T., et al. Amygdalin ameliorates the progression of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor‑deficient mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 16(6), 8171-8179 (2017).

5. Zhang, A., Pan, W., Lv, J., et al. Protective effect of amygdalin on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Inflammation 40(3), 745-751 (2017).