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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY TOOLS & SERVICES(–)-Nicotine is an alkaloid that has been found in tobacco.1 It is an agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and binds to α3β4 and α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs with Ki values of 481 and 11.1 nM, respectively.1,2 Chronic exposure to (–)-nicotine results in increased expression of certain nAChRs, particularly α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs.3 (–)-Nicotine has addictive properties.2,3 Formulations containing (–)-nicotine have been used as smoking cessation aids for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
1. The pyrolysis of (−)-
2. Novel α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-
3. Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From structure to function. Physiol. Rev. 89(1), 73-120 (2009).