Prunetin

Prunetin is an isoflavone that has been found in P. yedoensis and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4,5 It is an allosteric inhibitor of hamster liver aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2; IC₅₀ = 0.45 µM) and an antagonist of the progesterone receptor when used at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM.^2,3 It has estrogenic activity in MVLN cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 µM and inhibits proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells when used at 0.01 to 50 µM.⁴ It decreases LPS-induced increases in nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂; Item No. 14010) levels, NOS2/iNOS expression, and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM.¹ Prunetin (10 mg/kg) prevents LPS-induced increases in serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in a mouse model of septic shock. It also inhibits the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in isolated rabbit articular chondrocytes and prevents the production of MMP-3 in the knee joint of rats in a model of osteoarthritis following administration of a 50 or 100 µM dose into the knee joint.⁵

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1. Gabsik, Y., Ham, I., and Choi, H.-Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of prunetin via the suppression of NF-κB pathway. Food Chem. Toxicol. 58, 124-132 (2013).

2. Lowe, E.D., Gao, G.-Y., Johnson, L.N., et al. Structure of daidzin, a naturally occurring anti-alcohol-addiction agent, in complex with human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. J. Med. Chem. 51(15), 4482-4487 (2008).

3. Lee, J.-H., Dean, M., Austin, J.R., et al. Irilone from red clover (Trifolium pratense) potentiates progesterone signaling. J. Nat. Prod. 81(9), 1962-1967 (2018).

4. Le Bail, J.-C., Champavier, Y., Chulia, A.-J., et al. Effects of phytoestrogens on aromatase, 3β and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities and human breast cancer cells. Life Sci. 66(14), 1281-1291 (2000).

5. Nam, D.C., Kim, B.K., Lee, H.J., et al. Effects of prunetin on the proteolytic activity, secretion and gene expression of MMP-3 in vitro and production of MMP-3 in vivo. Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 20(2), 221-228 (2016).