Apiin

Apiin is a polyketide synthase-derived flavonoid glycoside that has been found in A. graveolens and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It inhibits Aurora B kinase in a cell-free assay using the human enzyme (IC₅₀ = 12.14 µM).² Apiin (10 and 50 µg/ml) inhibits LPS-induced increases in nitric oxide (NO) release and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in J774.A1 macrophages.³ It scavenges DPPH (Item No. 14805), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals (IC₅₀s = 68, 390, and 48 µg/ml, respectively), as well as increases the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in mouse serum, brain, heart, liver, and kidney when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg.⁴

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1. Cheung, V.W.N., Xue, B., Hernandez-Valladares, M., et al. Identification of polyketide inhibitors targeting 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase in the shikimate pathway of Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 9(7), e103598 (2014).

2. Jung, Y., Shin, S.Y., Yong, Y., et al. Plant-derived flavones as inhibitors of aurora B kinase and their quantitative structure-activity relationships. Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 85(5), 574-585 (2015).

3. Mencherini, T., Cau, A., Bianco, G., et al. An extract of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves: Structure of the major constituent, apiin, and its anti-inflammatory properties. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 59(6), 891-897 (2007).

4. Li, P., Jia, J., Zhang, D., et al. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a flavonoid isolated from celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce). Food Funct. 5(1), 50-56 (2014).