Columbamine

Columbamine is an alkaloid that has been found in Plumeria rubra and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4,5 It is also a metabolite of berberine (Item No. 10006427).⁴ Columbamine inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4 (IC₅₀ = 30.6 µM).³ It is active against P. falciparum (IC₅₀ = 1.92 µM).¹ It decreases glucose consumption of, and triglyceride levels in, HepG2 cells when used at concentrations of 3 and 15 µM, respectively.^2,4 Columbamine (56 mg/kg) reduces xylene-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice.⁵

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1. Wright, C.W., Marshall, S.J., Russell, P.F., et al. In vitro antiplasmodial, antiamoebic, and cytotoxic activities of some monomeric isoquinoline alkaloids. J. Nat. Prod. 63(12), 1638-1640 (2000).

2. Chen, H.-Y., Ye, X.-L., Cui, X.-L., et al. Cytotoxicity and antihyperglycemic effect of minor constituents from Rhizoma Coptis in HepG2 cells. Fitoterapia 83(1), 67-73 (2012).

3. Su, C.-R., Ueng, Y.-F., Dung, N.X., et al. Cytochrome P3A4 inhibitors and other constituents of Fibraurea tinctoria. J. Nat. Prod. 70(12), 1930-1933 (2007).

4. Cao, S., Zhou, Y., Xu, P., et al. Berberine metabolites exhibit triglyceride-lowering effects via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Hep G₂ cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 149(2), 576-582 (2013).

5. Liu, X., Hu, Z., Shi, Q., et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of compounds from Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. Arch. Pharm. Res. 33(7), 981-987 (2010).