Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS).¹ It decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transactivation in a reporter assay and induces apoptosis in NRK-52E rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, effects that can be reversed by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Item Nos. 71740 | 11884 | 71742), when used at a concentration of 50 nM. PFOS (20 mg/L) increases malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in zebrafish larvae.² It decreases body weight and induces hepatomegaly, renal hypertrophy, neoplastic growth in the gonads, thickening of pulmonary epithelial walls, and focal hyperplasia of cerebral gliocytes in rats when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.³ Maternal serum exposure to PFOS is positively associated with gestational diabetes, and umbilical cord serum levels are negatively associated with infant birth weight and head circumference.^4,5 It has been found in lake trout (S. namaycush), marine mammals, and urban watersheds.^6,7,8

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1. Wen, L.L., Lin, C.Y., Chou, H.C., et al. Perfluorooctanesulfonate mediates renal tubular cell apoptosis through PPARgamma inactivation. PLoS One 11(5), e0155190 (2016).

2. Huang, J., Wang, Q., Liu, S., et al. Crosstalk between histological alterations, oxidative stress and immune aberrations of the emerging PFOS alternative OBS in developing zebrafish. Sci. Total Environ. 774(1), 145443 (2021).

3. Cui, L., Zhou, Q.-F., Liao, C.-Y., et al. Studies on the toxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS on rats using histological observation and chemical analysis. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56(2), 338-349 (2009).

4. Xu, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, Q., et al. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances as a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus through interference with glucose homeostasis. Sci. Total Environ. 838(Pt 4), 156561 (2022).

5. Apelberg, B.J., Witter, F.R., Herbstman, J.B., et al. Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth. Environ. Health Perspect. 115(11), 1670-1676 (2007).

6. Furdui, V.I., Stock, N.L., Ellis, D.A., et al. Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in lake trout from the Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(5), 1554-1559 (2007).

7. Rotander, A., Kärrman, A., van Bavel, B., et al. Increasing levels of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in Arctic and North Atlantic marine mammals, 1984-2009. Chemosphere 86(3), 278-285 (2012).

8. Nguyen, V.T., Reinhard, M., and Karina, G.Y.-H. Occurrence and source characterization of perfluorochemicals in an urban watershed. Chemosphere 82(9), 1277-1285 (2011).