Atractylon

Atractylon is a sesquiterpene that has been found in A. lancea and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It scavenges DPPH (Item No. 14805) radicals in a cell-free assay when used at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/ml.¹ Atractylon is an antagonist of dopamine D₂ receptors (IC₅₀ = 2.5 µM).² It is also an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO; IC₅₀ = 25.1 µM).³ Atractylon inhibits tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced release of alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increases in intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA damage in primary rat hepatocytes.¹ It induces apoptosis and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 and MHCC97H hepatic cancer cells when used at concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 µM.⁴ Atractylon inhibits migration and invasion, decreases the levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, and increases E-cadherin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) in the same cells. It decreases tumor volume and weight in a HepG2 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg per day. Atractylon (20 or 50 mg/kg per day) increases the number of striatal dopamine receptor-positive neurons and decreases gait impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP.²

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Hwang, J.M., Tseng, T.H., Hsieh, Y.S., et al. Inhibitory effect of atractylon on tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced DNA damage and hepatic toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Arch. Toxicol. 70(10), 640-644 (1996).

2. Li, H., Wang, F., Zhou, Z., et al. Atractylon, a novel dopamine 2 receptor agonist, ameliorates Parkinsonian like motor dysfunctions in MPTP-induced mice. Neurotoxicology 89, 121-126 (2022).

3. Resch, M., Steigel, A., Chen, Z.l., et al. 5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory active compounds from Atractylodes lancea. J. Nat. Prod. 61, 347-350 (1998).

4. Cheng, Y., Chen, T., Yang, X., et al. Atractylon induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in hepatic cancer cells and inhibits growth in vivo. Cancer Manag. Res. 11, 5883-5894 (2019).