INHBE (human, recombinant) (Low Endotoxin)

Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily.¹ INHBE encodes a 350-amino acid pre-protein, which is proteolytically cleaved at Thr237 to release the mature INHBE peptide, and is a secreted protein mainly expressed in the liver. It exists as a homodimer, also known as activin E, or forms heterodimers with other inhibin beta chains such as INHBC.² INHBE is a hepatokine that is involved in hepatocyte viability, thermogenesis, and insulin sensitivity and binds to follistatin (Item No. 31839).^2,3,1 Overexpression of INHBE induces apoptosis in hepatocytes and INHBE-containing conditioned medium induces expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, which can be blocked by the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitor SB-431542 (Item No. 13031).^2,3 Hepatic expression of human INHBE decreases plasma glucose levels and increases body temperature in mice.³ Loss-of-function mutations in INHBE are associated with favorable body fat distribution and a decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.⁴ Increased tumor levels of INHBE positively correlate with increasing tumor grade and negatively correlate with poor overall survival in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).⁵ Cayman’s INHBE (human, recombinant) protein is a disulfide-linked homodimer. The reduced monomer, composed of INHBE (amino acids 237-350) fused to human IgG1 Fc at its N-terminus, consists of 374 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 40.9 kDa.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Hashimoto, O., Tsuchida, K., Ushiro, Y., et al. cDNA cloning and expression of human activin βE subunit. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 194(1-2), 117-122 (2002).

2. Wada, W., Medina, J.J., Kuwano, H., et al. Comparison of the function of the βC and βE subunits of activin in AML12 hepatocytes. Endocr. J. 52(2), 169-175 (2005).

3. Hashimoto, O., Funaba, M., Sekiyama, K., et al. Activin E controls energy homeostasis in both brown and white adipose tissues as a hepatokine. Cell Rep. 25(5), 1193-1203 (2018).

4. Akbari, P., Sosina, O.A., Bovijn, J., et al. Multiancestry exome sequencing reveals INHBE mutations associated with favorable fat distribution and protection from diabetes. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 4844 (2022).

5. Xu, Z.-B., Gan, M.-F., Yu, H.-Y., et al. The significance of INHBE expression in the cancer cells of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol. Int. 106(4), 376-386 (2022).