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Explore additional resources to study natural toxins, pollutants including PFAS and 6-PPD-Q, and their biological effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY TOOLS & SERVICESSpiroxamine-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of spiroxamine (Item No. 25823) by GC- or LC-MS. Spiroxamine is a tertiary amine fungicide.1 It inhibits the growth of N. parvum, B. dothidea, D. seriata, and L. theobromae isolates from grape vines (EC50s = 0.97-10.28 mg/L).2 Spiroxamine reduces mean firing and burst rates in rat cortical cultures (EC50s = 90 and 110 nM, respectively).3 It is also cytotoxic to MDA-kb2 breast cancer cells (EC20 = 9.29 μM).4
WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
1. Trialkylamine derivatives containing a triazole moiety as promising ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor: Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 65(1), 82-89 (2017).
2. Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines. Pest Manag. Sci. 68(5), 676-683 (2012).
3. Developmental neurotoxicants disrupt activity in cortical networks on microelectrode arrays: Results of screening 86 compounds during neural network formation. Toxicol. Sci. 160(1), 121-135 (2017).
4. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 119(6), 794-800 (2011).