Pongamol

Pongamol is a flavonoid that has been found in P. pinnata seeds and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It is active against E. coli and S. aureus (MICs = 8 and 6 µg/ml, respectively).¹ Pongamol (2-80 µM) inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.² In vivo, pongamol (50 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) and in db/db mice.³ It decreases tau phosphorylation, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in brain and improves memory function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by D-galactose, sodium nitrite, and aluminum chloride.⁴

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1. Jahan, S., Mahmud, M.H., Khan, Z., et al. Health promoting benefits of pongamol: An overview. Biomed. Pharmacother. 142, 112109 (2021).

2. Wu, S., Miao, J., Zhu, S., et al. Pongamol prevents neurotoxicity via the activation of MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway in H₂O₂-induced neuronal PC12 cells and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Neurobiol. 61(10), 8219-8233 (2024).

3. Tamrakar, A.K., Yadav, P.P., Tiwari, P., et al. Identification of pongamol and karanjin as lead compounds with antihyperglycemic activity from Pongamia pinnata fruits. J. Ethnopharmacol. 118(3), 435-439 (2008).

4. Hu, K., Wu, S., Xu, J., et al. Pongamol alleviates neuroinflammation and promotes autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2024).