Discover additional resources to advance your psychedelic mushroom research here, including references used to compile the Psychedelic Mushrooms Lab Wall Poster, research tools for psychoactive mushrooms, and related articles for psychedelic drug discovery. Cayman offers a comprehensive portfolio of Psilocybe and Amanita mushroom components and their metabolites.

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To cite this poster: St. Germaine, D.M. The Magic Molecules Behind Psychedelic Mushrooms. June 2023.

Additional Resources

Use the links below to navigate to:

	Psychedelic Mushroom Lab Wall Poster References
	Article: Research Tools for Psychoactive Mushroom Components & Their Metabolites
	Article: Rediscovering Psilocybin and Its Therapeutic Potential
	Webinar: The Magic and Chemistry Behind Psychedelic Mushrooms
	Article: Choosing and Using Reference Materials and Analytical Standards
	Psychedelic Drug Discovery Resource Center
	Additional Forensic Lab Guide Wall Posters

MUSHROOMS IN POPULAR CULTURE

1. Dinis-Oliveira, R.J. Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: Clinical and forensic toxicological relevance. Drug Metab. Rev. 49(1), 84-91 (2017). 

2. Glatfelter, G.C., Pottie, E., Partilla, J.S. et al. Structure–activity relationships for psilocybin, baeocystin, aeruginascin, and related analogues to produce pharmacological effects in mice. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 5(11), 1181-1196 (2022).

3. Obermaier, S., and Müller, M. Ibotenic acid biosynthesis in the fly agaric is initiated by glutamate hydroxylation. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 59(30), 12432-12435 (2020).

4. Voynova, M., Shkondrov, A., Kondeva-Burdina, M., et al. Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine. Pharmacia 67(4), 317-323 (2020).

BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY TO PSILOCYBIN

5. Fricke, J., Blei, F., and Hoffmeister, D. Enzymatic synthesis of psilocybin. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 56(40), 12352-12355 (2017).

6. Lenz, C., Sherwood, A., Kargbo, R., et al. Taking different roads: L-Tryptophan as the origin of Psilocybe natural products. ChemPlusChem 86(1), 28-35 (2020).

7. Gotvaldová K., Hájková, K., Boroviĉka, J., et al. Stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. Drug Test. Anal. 13(2), 439-446 (2021).

8. Lenz, C., Wick, J., Braga, D., et al. Injury-triggered blueing reactions of Psilocybe "magic" mushrooms. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 59(4), 1450-1454 (2019).

9. Lenz, C. Dörner, S., Sherwood, A., et al. Structure elucidation and spectroscopic analysis of chromophores produced by oxidative psilocin dimerization. Chemistry Eur. J. 27(47), 12166-12171 (2021).

Enzymes in the biosynthesis of psilocybin where the identity and function are certain are named in this section using the recommended name in the U.S. National Library of Medicine Protein database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein). Putative enzymes in the biosynthesis of psilocybin were named with generic names (e.g., kinase) with assumed function.
 

HUMAN METABOLISM OF PSILOCYBIN

1.  Dinis-Oliveira, R.J. Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: Clinical and forensic toxicological relevance. Drug Metab. Rev. 49(1):84-91 (2017). 

β-CARBOLINE ALKALOIDS

10. Dörner, S., Rogge, K., Fricke, J., et al. Genetic survey of Psilocybe natural products. Chembiochem 23(14), e202200249 (2022). See also: Blei, F., Dörner, S., Fricke, J., et al. Simultaneous production of psilocybin and a cocktail of β-carboline monoamine oxidase inhibitors in "magic" mushrooms. Chemistry Eur. J.26(3):729-734 (2020).