Tetrahydrocurcumin

Tetrahydrocurcumin is a metabolite of curcumin (Item Nos. 81025 | 81025.1) that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer properties.^1,2,3,4 It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals in a cell-free assay with an EC₅₀ value of 16.8 μM.¹ Tetrahydrocurcumin (50 µM) inhibits LPS-induced increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells.² It also inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α release when used at a concentration of 100 µM and increases in nitric oxide (NO) production and IL-6 levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Tetrahydrocurcumin reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (ED₅₀ = 20 mg/kg).³ It also reduces the formation of neocapillaries and decreases microvascular density as well as VEGF, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in a CaSki cervical cancer nude mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg.⁴

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1. Manjunatha, J.R., Bettadaiah, B.K., Negi, P.S., et al. Synthesis of quinoline derivatives of tetrahydrocurcumin and zingerone and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial attributes. Food Chem. 136(2), 650-658 (2013).

2. Zhao, F., Gong, Y., Hu, Y., et al. Curcumin and its major metabolites inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide: Translocation of nuclear factor-κB as potential target. Mol. Med. Rep. 11(4), 3087-3093 (2015).

3. Mukhopadhyay, A., Basu, N., Ghatak, N., et al. Anti-inflammatory and irritant activities of curcumin analogues in rats. Agents Actions 12, 508-515 (1982).

4. Yoysungnoen, B., Bhattarakosol, P., Patumraj, S., et al. Effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cervical cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in nude mice. Biomed. Res. Int. 391748 (2015).