Corynoxeine

Corynoxeine is an alkaloid that has been found in Uncaria and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in primary rat microglia (IC₅₀ = 15.7 µM).¹ Corynoxeine (5-50 µM) inhibits PDGF-BB-induced ERK1/2 activation in, and proliferation of, rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).² It inhibits histamine release from LAD 2 mast cells induced by compound 48/80 (Item No. 22173) when used at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 µM.³ In vivo, corynoxeine (0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) reduces compound 48/80-induced local anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation in mouse hind paws. Corynoxeine (30 and 100 mg/kg) also reduces methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice.⁴

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1. Yuan, D., Ma, B., Wu, C., et al. Alkaloids from the leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla and their inhibitory activity on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. J. Nat. Prod. 71(7), 1271-1274 (2008).

2. Kim, T.-J., Lee, J.-H., Lee, J.-J., et al. Corynoxeine isolated from the hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla inhibits rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the blocking of extracellular signal regulated kinase ½ phosphorylation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31(11), 2073-2078 (2008).

3. Xie, Y., Wei, D., Hu, T., et al. Anti-pseudo-allergic capacity of alkaloids screened from Uncaria rhynchophylla. New J. Chem. 4, 38-45 (2020).

4. Sakakibara, I., Terabayashi, S., Kubo, M., et al. Effect on locomotion of indole alkaloids from the hooks of Uncaria plants. Phytomedicine 6(3), 163-168 (1999).

Lei, S., Lu, J., Cheng, A., et al. Identification of PXR activators from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou Teng) and Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw). Drug Metab. Dispos. 51(5), 629-636 (2023).