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Discover high-quality research tools to investigate GLP-1 mechanisms and next-generation metabolic targets.
OBESITY RESEARCH SOLUTIONSUric acid-13C,15N3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of uric acid (Item No. 16219) by GC- or LC-MS. Uric acid is a ubiquitous end product of purine metabolism in humans that is mainly excreted in urine, whereas in other mammals it is further metabolized to allantoin by uricase.1 The final two steps in its production are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, which generates superoxide.2 Uric acid acts as a potent peroxynitrite scavenger and antioxidant.1,2,3 However, high levels of serum uric acid (>120 µg/ml), termed hyperuricemia, are associated with gout, kidney stones, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, renal disease, and cardiovascular disease.1,4,5,6,7 Uric acid, in its soluble form, increases IL-1β levels in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a manner dependent on NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88).8 It also increases proteinuria and induces renal collagen deposition in a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, effects that can be reduced by allopurinol (Item No. 10012597).
WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.
1. Is there anything good in uric acid? QJM 104(12), 1015-1024 (2011).
2. Uric acid and oxidative stress. Curr. Pharm. Des. 11(32), 4145-4151 (2005).
3. Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 675-680 (1998).
4. Uric acid, hominoid evolution, and the pathogenesis of salt-
5. High serum uric acid as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 31(2), 361-362 (2008).
6. Role of uric acid in hypertension, renal disease, and metabolic syndrome. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 73(12), 1059-1064 (2006).
7. A causal role for uric acid in fructose-
8. Soluble uric acid activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Sci. Rep. 7, 39884 (2017).