Palmitoyl Ethanolamide-d₅

Palmitoyl ethanolamide-d₅ (PEA-d₅) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PEA (Item No. 90350) by GC- or LC-MS. PEA is an endogenous fatty N-acyl ethanolamine and a derivative of the endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050).^1,2 It selectively activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; EC₅₀ = 3.1 µM) over PPARβ/δ and PPARγ in HeLa cells expressing the human receptors.³ PEA binds to RBL-2H3 basophil membranes (IC₅₀ = 1 nM), which endogenously express cannabinoid 2 (CB₂), but not CB₁, receptors, and inhibits antigen-induced serotonin release from RBL-2H3 cells (EC₅₀ = 0.27 µM).² It prevents decreases in paw withdrawal latency in a radiant heat hypersensitivity test, an effect that can be reversed by the CB₁ receptor antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant; Item No. 9000484), PPARγ antagonist GW 9662 (Item No. 70785), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine (Item No. 10007518), in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve.⁴ PEA (10 mg/kg) decreases carrageenan-induced paw edema in wild-type, but not Ppara^-/-, mice.³ It inhibits tonic convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; Item No. 18682) in rats when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg.⁵ Formulations containing palmitoyl ethanolamide have been used as dietary supplements.

WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

1. Bachur, N.R., Masek, K., Melmon, K.L., et al. Fatty acid amides of ethanolamine in mammalian tissues. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 240, 1019-1024 (1965).

2. Facci, L., Dal Toso, R., Romanello, S., et al. Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92(8), 3376-3380 (1995).

3. Lo Verme, J., Fu, J., Astarita, G., et al. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide. Mol. Pharmacol. 67(1), 15-19 (2005).

4. Costa, B., Comelli, F., Bettoni, I., et al. The endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitoylethanolamide, has anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects in a murine model of neuropathic pain: Involvement of CB₁, TRPV1 and PPARγ receptors and neurotrophic factors. Pain 139(3), 541-550 (2008).

5. Sheerin, A.H., Zhang, X., Saucier, D.M., et al. Selective antiepileptic effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid. Epilepsia 45(10), 1184-1188 (2004).