A BSA complex with palmitic acid
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BSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM)

Item No. 29558

Product Insert (PDF)Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (PDF)
Technical Information
Synonyms
  • Bovine Serum Albumin-PA
  • Bovine Serum Albumin-Palmitate
  • BSA-Hexadecanoic Acid
  • BSA-PA
Formulation (Request formulation change)
5 mM Palmitate:0.8 mM BSA (6:1 palmitate:BSA) in 150 mM sodium chloride, pH 7.4
Applications
Lipid droplet assays, Lipid-mediated cellular stress/MASLD/MASH assays, Metabolic flux/FAO assays
Origin
Animal/Bovine
Shipping & Storage Information
Storage
-20°C
Shipping
Wet ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere
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    5 ml

    $197

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    Product Description

    BSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM) is composed of palmitic acid (Item No. 10006627) and fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) at an approximately 6:1 molar ratio of palmitate:BSA. It was prepared under sterile conditions, then filtered and aliquoted into sterile vials. Cayman’s BSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM) can be used for efficient fatty acid delivery to cells in culture for the purpose of monitoring lipid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, and inflammatory signaling pathways, such as in studies of obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance.1,2,3 It has been used to study the effect of long-chain fatty acid uptake on gene and protein expression, lipid droplet formation, hepatocyte lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress.4,5,6 Cayman’s BSA-Palmitate Saturated Fatty Acid Complex (5 mM) is suitable for use in short- and long-term cell culture applications (25+ hours). For best results, it is recommended that this product be used in conjunction with Cayman’s BSA Control for BSA-Fatty Acid Complexes (5 mM) (Item No. 29556), prepared with fatty acid-free BSA. A BSA-palmitate complex is also available as part of Cayman's BSA-Palmitate Reagent Set (5 mM) (Item No. 44698).

    WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

    References & Product Citations
    Product Description References

    1. Alsabeeh, N., Chausse, B., Kakimoto, P.A., et al. Cell culture models of fatty acid overload: Problems and solutions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1863(2), 143-151 (2018).

    2. Wang, D., Green, M.F., McDonnell, E., et al. Oxygen flux analysis to understand the biological function of sirtuins. Methods Mol. Biol. 1077, 241-258 (2013).

    3. Radin, M.S., Sinha, S., Bhatt, B.A., et al. Inhibition or deletion of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor-4 confers partial protection against lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodent skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 51(2), 336-346 (2008).

    4. Muthusamy, G., Liu, C.-C., and Johnston, A.N. Deletion of PGAM5 downregulates FABP1 and attenuates long-chain fatty acid uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 15(19), 4796 (2023).

    5. Das, S., Finney, A.C., Anand, S.K., et al. Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat. Metab. 6(10), 1939-1962 (2024).

    6. Guilfoyle-Speese, A., Patel, K., Ghanwat, A.H., et al. Short-chain fatty acids and palmitate induce distinct metabolic and phenotypic signatures in normal and ischemic skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Cells 15(6), 493 (2026).

    Product Citations

    Havey, L., You, H., Xian, H., et al. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cells from a hypoxia model of the germinal center requires external unsaturated fatty acids. PLoS Pathog. 21(11), e1013694 (2025).

    Yang, Y.-L., Chuang, Y.-T., and Huang, Y.-H. MicroRNA 29a alleviates mitochondrial stress in diet-induced NAFLD by inhibiting the MAVS pathway. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 982, 176955 (2024).

    Edwards, D.N., Wang, S., Kane, K.A., et al. Increased fatty acid delivery by tumor endothelium promotes metastatic outgrowth. JCI Insight 10(9), e187531 (2025).

    Sabouri, S., Handlin, L.J., Gieré, C., et al. RhoA regulates membrane order and tension to control excitability of nociceptor neurons. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2025).

    Rubio-Atonal, L.F., Chang, J., Jacquemyn, J., et al. Glutamate decreases oxidative stress and lipid droplet formation in astrocytes. J. Cell Sci. 138(19), jcs263983 (2025).

    Guo, J., Bachor, T.P., Taskahashi, R., et al. CNS-Penetrant NLRP3 inhibitor achieves durable weight loss and reverses hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2025).

    Bessho, R., Davidoff, O., Kobayashi, H., et al. Regional metabolic analysis of structurally preserved kidney slices by ex vivo respirometry. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 329(6), F796-F808 (2025).

    Pakhira, S., and Roy, S.S. Altered fatty acid oxidation via CPT1A promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer. FEBS J. 292(23), 6283-6306 (2025).

    Greda, A.K., Gomes, J.P., Schmidt-Krueger, V., et al. Interaction of sortilin with apolipoprotein E3 enables neurons to use long-chain fatty acids as alternative metabolic fuel. Nat. Metab. 7(11), 2346-2365 (2025).

    Chien, S.-C., Chen, C.-Y., Tsai, H.-W., et al. Enhanced nuclear localization of small heterodimer partner in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. JHEP Rep. 8(1), 101616 (2025).

    Abraham, E., Kostina, A., Volmert, B., et al. A retinoic acid: YAP1 signaling axis controls atrial lineage commitment. Cell Rep. 44(5), 115687 (2025).

    Bonglack, E.N., Hill, K.K., Barry, A.P., et al. Fatty acid desaturases link cell metabolism pathways to promote proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells. PLoS Pathog. 21(5), e1012685 (2025).

    Soultsioti, M., de Jong, A.W.M., Blomberg, N., et al. Perturbation of de novo lipogenesis hinders MERS-CoV assembly and release, but not the biogenesis of viral replication organelles. J. Virol. 99(3), e0228224 (2025).

    Handlin, L.J., Macchi, N.L., Dumaire, N.L.A., et al. Membrane lipid nanodomains modulate HCN pacemaker channels in nociceptor DRG neurons. Nat. Commun. 15(1), 9898 (2024).

    Fiorenza, M., Onslev, J., Henríquez-Olguín, C., et al. Reducing the mitochondrial oxidative burden alleviates lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance in humans. Sci. Adv. 10(44), eadq4461 (2024).

    Aleman, J., K, R., Wiegand, C., et al. A metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver acinus biomimetic induces pancreatic islet dysfunction in a coupled microphysiology system. Commun. Biol. 7(1), 1317 (2024).

    Sorge, M., Savoré, G., Gallo, A., et al. An intrinsic mechanism of metabolic tuning promotes cardiac resilience to stress. EMBO Mol. Med. 16(10), 2450-2484 (2024).

    Das, S., Finney, A.C., Anand, S.K., et al. Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat. Metab. 6(10), 1939-1962 (2024).

    Li, H., Li, D., Ledru, N., et al. Transcriptomic, epigenomic, and spatial metabolomic cell profiling redefines regional human kidney anatomy. Cell Metab. 36(5), 1105-1125 (2024).

    Onodera, T., Wang, M.-Y., Rutkowski, J.M., et al. Endogenous renal adiponectin drives gluconeogenesis through enhancing pyruvate and fatty acid utilization. Nat. Commun. 14(1), 6531 (2023).

    Muthusamy, G., Liu, C.-C., and Johnston, A.N. Deletion of PGAM5 downregulates FABP1 and attenuates long-chain fatty acid uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 15(19), 4796 (2023).

    Sivasami, P., Elkins, C., Diaz-Saldana, P.P., et al. Obesity-induced dysregulation of skin-resident PPARγ+ Treg cells promotes IL-17A-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Immunity 56(8), 1844-1861 (2023).

    Sugimoto, S., Mena, H.A., Sansbury, B.E., et al. Brown adipose tissue-derived MaR2 contributes to cold-induced resolution of inflammation. Nat. Metab. 4(6), 775-790 (2022).

    Dall'Agnese, A., Platt, J.M., Zheng, M.M., et al. The dynamic clustering of insulin receptor underlies its signaling and is disrupted in insulin resistance. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 7522 (2022).

    Li, H., Dixon, E.E., Wu, H., et al. Comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profiling defines shared and unique epithelial injury responses during kidney fibrosis. Cell Metab. 34(12), 1977-1998 (2022).