The simultaneous emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages from different countries around the world each carrying mutations in the spike protein receptor binding site reveal convergent selective pressure on SARS-CoV-2 to create an advantage towards its transmissibility and reinfection of individuals.

Natural products have attracted considerable attention as potential agents to combat SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking analysis of various natural products in complex with the viral main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike protein along with the host ACE2 receptor has revealed multiple promising candidates with excellent binding affinity.

One main focus for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection is on identifying agents that target viral proteins and host cell receptors in order to minimize and block viral replication. Detection of neutralizing antibodies that may provide protection against future infections is equally important.

Existing FDA-approved drugs that have a known favorable safety profile are being examined for strategies to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection and fast-track a COVID-19 treatment plan. Drugs already on the market are being evaluated based on their ability to inhibit any proteins essential for virus-receptor interaction and/or viral life cycle.

Vitamin D offers a few compelling reasons to be helpful in the context of COVID-19 by increasing antimicrobial peptide expression and anti-inflammatory effects that support immune defense and acting directly on ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2.

Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of kinases involved in the regulation of immune signaling and the inflammatory response may present a viable strategy for the management of excessive inflammation in patients with COVID-19.