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Firefly luciferase mRNA (Cap-1; m1Ψ) encodes luciferase, a protein originally isolated from the firefly P. pyralis, that catalyzes the ATP-dependent oxidation of the molecule luciferin resulting in chemiluminescence at a wavelength of approximately 560 nm.1,2 It is capped using a co-transcriptional capping method, resulting in the naturally occurring Cap-1 structure with high capping efficiency. Firefly luciferase mRNA is also polyadenylated and modified with N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) to reduce the host cell immune response and enhance mRNA stability. Encapsulation of firefly luciferase mRNA (Cap-1; m1Ψ) in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be used for mRNA delivery and expression of luciferase.
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1. Firefly luciferase: The structure is known, but the mystery remains. Structure 4(3), 223-228 (1996).
2. An enhanced green fluorescent protein allows sensitive detection of gene transfer in mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 227(3), 707-711 (1996).